Glossary:
B

Bank of England

Explore the role of the Bank of England in the UK economy, its responsibilities in financial stability, and its function in safeguarding certain client accounts.
TL;DR - Bank of England

The Bank of England is the UK’s central bank. It manages monetary policy, issues currency, oversees financial stability, and safeguards certain regulated client accounts.

The Bank of England is the central bank of the United Kingdom. Founded in 1694, it plays a critical role in maintaining monetary and financial stability across the UK economy. It operates independently of government and is governed by a statutory framework under the Bank of England Act 1998 and subsequent legislation.

What the Bank of England Does

Its core responsibilities include:

  • Setting interest rates via the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC)
  • Issuing banknotes in England and Wales
  • Regulating systemic risk to protect the UK financial system
  • Supervising financial institutions through the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), which it oversees
  • Holding safeguarded client funds for regulated institutions and schemes

Role in Client Fund Safeguarding

In certain regulated sectors, particularly payment services and estate administration, client money may be safeguarded by holding it with the Bank of England. This ensures:

  • No exposure to commercial bank risk
  • Maximum security for high-value or fiduciary funds

Firms offering third-party managed accounts (like us) may opt to use the Bank of England to safeguard estate or client funds, offering a higher standard of protection than conventional bank accounts.

Why the Bank of England Matters

As the UK’s central bank, it anchors confidence in the economy and the financial system. It is also a lender of last resort and the institution to which many financial firms turn during crises or to hold safeguarded funds under the highest standard of security.

Examples and Use Cases

  • The Bank of England adjusts the base interest rate to manage inflation and economic growth.
  • Client funds held under safeguarding regulations may be deposited at the Bank of England for maximum protection.
  • The PRA, operating under the Bank, supervises the solvency of major banks and insurers.

Mini-FAQ

Is the Bank of England a commercial bank?
No. It is a central bank and does not offer retail services to the public.

Can I open an account with the Bank of England?
Only certain regulated firms, public bodies, and financial institutions can hold accounts there.

Is client money safer at the Bank of England?
Yes. Funds held there are free from commercial risk and are considered the highest standard of safeguarding.

Related Words and Terms

Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)

Learn about the Financial Conduct Authority’s role in regulating UK financial services, ensuring consumer protection, and maintaining market integrity.

Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA)

Understand the role of the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) in the UK financial system, and how it regulates banks and insurers to ensure stability.

Safeguarding

Understand what safeguarding means in the context of UK financial services, especially how client funds are protected under regulatory obligations.
Resources

More from the Escrow & TPMA Glossary

Our glossary of terms of art in the world of escrow and third-party managed payments
A

Anti-Money Laundering (AML)

AML refers to regulations, processes, and laws designed to prevent criminals from disguising illegally obtained money as legitimate. Secure, FCA-regulated service with Bank of England deposits.
B

Bank of England

Explore the role of the Bank of England in the UK economy, its responsibilities in financial stability, and its function in safeguarding certain client accounts.

Bar Standards Board (BSB)

Understand the role of the Bar Standards Board (BSB) in regulating barristers in England and Wales and enforcing professional and ethical standards.

Beneficial Owner

A beneficial owner is an individual who ultimately owns or controls a business or the client’s funds, even if they are not the direct customer.

Beneficiary

Read more about the meaning of "Beneficiary" and its importance in compliance when it comes to opening financial accounts, escrow accounts or high-interest deposit accounts.
C

Client Money Rules (SRA)

Explore the SRA’s Client Money Rules and how they regulate solicitors handling client funds in the UK, especially in probate and trust contexts.

Client Money Rules for Barristers (BSB Handbook)

Learn how barristers in England and Wales may handle client money under the Bar Standards Board’s rules and the restrictions that apply.

Counter-Terrorist Financing (CTF)

Customer Due Diligence (CDD)

CDD is a legal requirement under AML regulations involving verifying the identity of clients using reliable documentation, assessing money laundering risks, and ensuring clients are not involved in illicit activities.
D

DiPPA

A DiPPA is an acronym for a regulated project bank account with a technology twist - allowing all parties to engage with it directly through a digital interface.
E

Enhanced Due Diligence (EDD)

EDD is a higher level of scrutiny applied in situations presenting increased risk, such as dealings with Politically Exposed Persons (PEPs) or clients from high-risk jurisdictions.

Escrow

Read more about the meaning of "Escrow" and how it can add transparency, security and trust in high-value, complex or long-term transactions.

Escrow Agent

Read more about the meaning of an "Escrow Agent" and how they are increasingly used in complex, high-value or long-duration transactions. Secure, FCA-regulated service with Bank of England deposits.

Estate Administration

Find out what estate administration involves in the UK, who is responsible, and the key steps for managing and distributing a deceased person’s assets.

Estate Administrator

Explore the role of an estate administrator in the UK - what they do, when they are appointed, and how they differ from executors.
F

FF&E

FF&E (or 'furniture, fixtures and equipment') is a key acronym often encountered in the property and construction sector. It is similar to OS&E.

Financial Conduct Authority (FCA)

Learn about the Financial Conduct Authority’s role in regulating UK financial services, ensuring consumer protection, and maintaining market integrity.

Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS)

Understand the FSCS and how it protects consumers in the UK if banks, insurers, or other authorised financial firms fail.
G

Grant of Probate

Explore what a Grant of Probate is, when it's needed in the UK, how to apply, and why it's essential for lawful estate administration.
H

High-Value Dealer (HVD)

A high-value dealer is a business that trades in goods involving transactions over €10,000 (approximately £8,500). Secure, FCA-regulated service with Bank of England deposits.
K

KYB

Read more about the meaning of "KYB" or "Know Your Business" and its importance in compliance when it comes to opening financial accounts, escrow accounts or high-interest deposit accounts.

KYC

Read more about the meaning of "KYC" or "Know Your Client" and its importance in compliance when it comes to opening financial accounts, escrow accounts or high-interest deposit accounts.

KYT

Read more about the meaning of "KYT" or "Know Your Trust" and its importance in compliance when it comes to opening financial accounts, escrow accounts or high-interest deposit accounts.
L

Letters of Administration

Learn what Letters of Administration are, when they are used in the UK, and how they differ from a Grant of Probate in estate management.

Licence to Alter

Read more about the meaning of "Licence to Alter" in leasehold situations and how they are necessary for almost every kind of serious construction project on a leasehold property.
O

Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI)

OFSI is a UK government body responsible for ensuring compliance with financial sanctions. Secure, FCA-regulated service with Bank of England deposits.

OS&E

OS&E (or 'Operating Supplies and Equipment') is a key acronym often encountered in the property and construction sector. It is similar to FF&E.
P

Politically Exposed Person (PEP)

A PEP is someone who holds or has held significant public office or is closely connected to such individuals. Secure, FCA-regulated service with Bank of England deposits.

Probate

Understand what probate is in the UK, when it's needed, how it works, and the steps involved in legally managing a deceased person's estate.

Probate Registry

Learn what the Probate Registry is, its role in the UK probate process, and how it issues legal documents like Grants of Probate and Letters of Administration.

Project Bank Account

Read more about the meaning of "Project Bank Account" and how they can be used in construction projects to reduce risk to the client and the supply chain, and deliver cost savings.

Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA)

Understand the role of the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) in the UK financial system, and how it regulates banks and insurers to ensure stability.
R

Record-Keeping

Record-keeping under AML regulations involves maintaining accurate documentation of all transactions, client identity verifications, risk assessments, and sanctions checks.
S

Safeguarding

Understand what safeguarding means in the context of UK financial services, especially how client funds are protected under regulatory obligations.

Sanctions Screening

Sanctions screening involves checking clients against official government or international sanction lists to ensure businesses do not engage with restricted individuals or entities.

Security for Expenses

Read more about the meaning of "Security for Expenses" in a party wall context and what they are used for when a building owner is considering building works.

Segregation

Learn what segregation means in client money handling, and why keeping estate or client funds separate is essential under UK regulations.

Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA)

Learn about the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA), the body that regulates solicitors in England and Wales, including its role and enforcement powers.
T

TPMA

Read more about the meaning of "TPMA" or "Third-Party Managed Account" and how many professional services providers are now using them to hold and manage client funds securely and transparently.

Trust Protector

Read more about the meaning of "Trust Protector" and its importance in compliance when it comes to opening financial accounts, escrow accounts or high-interest deposit accounts.

Trustee

Read more about the meaning of "Trustee" and its importance in compliance when it comes to opening financial accounts, escrow accounts or high-interest deposit accounts.
U

UBO

Read more about the meaning of "UBO" or "Ultimate Beneficial Owner" and its importance in compliance when it comes to opening financial accounts, escrow accounts or high-interest deposit accounts.