Glossary:
H

High-Value Dealer (HVD)

A high-value dealer is a UK business trading in goods with cash transactions over €10,000 (about £8,500) — HVDs must register with HMRC for AML supervision.
TL;DR - High-Value Dealer (HVD)
  • What it is: A business dealing in goods and accepting high-value payments—previously only cash, but now increasingly including high-value non-cash transactions.
  • When to use: Obligations arise not just when accepting cash over €10,000, but now also when handling high-value electronic or digital transactions.
  • Key benefit: Accurate identification ensures compliance with UK AML rules—including registration, due diligence, and sanctions screening.

Definition

A High‑Value Dealer (HVD) is a business that trades in goods and accepts payments of €10,000 or more. Historically, this applied only to cash payments. Regulators now recognise that high-value transactions via bank transfers or digital payments also pose illicit finance risks and may require AML compliance actions similar to HVDs.

Why it matters

Criminals increasingly use non-cash methods to launder large amounts - making sectors like interior design, art, and luxury goods prime targets. Therefore, AML scrutiny is shifting to a value-based approach, encompassing all high-value payments regardless of how they are made.

Since January 2020, businesses dealing in high-value art (over €10,000) are classed as Art Market Participants and already subject to AML rules. From May 2025, all high-value transactions (not just cash) will require client sanctions screening - meaning businesses must check against UK and international sanctions lists and report matches to the Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI).

How HVD obligations now work

  1. Identify high-value transactions, cash or otherwise (value-based, not just cash)
  2. Register as an HVD or Art Market Participant with HMRC, if applicable
  3. Perform Customer Due Diligence (CDD), even for non-cash transactions
  4. From May 2025, conduct sanctions screening for transactions over €10,000
  5. Maintain transaction records and submit Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs) when needed

Examples and use cases

  • Interior designers paying for bespoke furniture or art via bank transfer
  • Art galleries selling high-end works by electronic payment
  • Furnishing contractors handling multi-thousand-pound purchases for clients

Mini-FAQ

Q: Does this only apply to cash now?
A: No - regulators now class large non-cash payments as high-risk too, meaning AML obligations can be triggered by high-value transfers, not just cash.

Q: What new compliance came into force for May 2025?
A: Sanctions screening. Any transaction over €10,000 requires client screening against sanctions lists, and reporting to OFSI if there are matches

Related Words and Terms

Anti-Money Laundering (AML)

AML refers to regulations, processes, and laws designed to prevent criminals from disguising illegally obtained money as legitimate.

Customer Due Diligence (CDD)

Customer Due Diligence (CDD) verifies a client's identity, assesses money-laundering risk and confirms they are not involved in illicit activity.
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